While it has been suggested that the association between elevated resting heart rate and heart failure is mediated via coronary heart disease, previous studies have shown that the association persists even after adjustments for preceding coronary events.įurthermore, heart failure constitutes an advanced stage of a variety of cardiovascular disorders. We previously established an association between resting heart rate, measured in late adolescence, with future risk of heart failure among Swedish men enrolling for military service,Īn association that proved independent of arterial blood pressure, BMI, and fitness. In parallel, low levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, now increasingly common, are associated with increased risk of heart failure. With increasing levels of body mass index (BMI). Among young Swedish men, we have recently found marked increases in the longitudinal risk for heart failure The cause for the diverging trends in older and younger people is unknown, but increasing obesity rates may constitute one factor. This development is alarming considering the severe nature and prognosis of the disease, as one in 10 patients still does not survive the first year after heart failure diagnosis. Increasing rates of first time hospitalizations among younger individuals have been found in Swedenįurthermore, heart failure with concomitant cardiomyopathy has more than doubled in Sweden from 1987 to 2006. Although the overall incidence and prevalence is declining in Western countries, Heart failure is a common disease and a major cause of disability and mortality among the adult and older population. There was an association between RHR and dilated CM but not hypertrophic, alcohol/drug‐induced, or other cardiomyopathies. The corresponding HR was 1.43 (CI = 1.08–1.90) for HF associated with CM and 1.34 (CI = 1.16–1.54) for HF without concomitant diagnosis. Comparing the first and fifth quintiles of the RHR distribution, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension was 1.25 after adjustment for body mass index, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness. During follow‐up, there were 8400 cases of first hospitalization for HF and 3377 for CM. ![]() ![]() Risk estimates were calculated by Cox‐proportional hazards models while adjusting for potential confounders. HF and its concomitant diagnoses, as well as all CM diagnoses, were collected from the national inpatient, outpatient, and cause of death registries. RHR and arterial blood pressure were measured together with anthropometrics as part of the enlistment protocol. We performed a nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study of all Swedish men enrolled for conscription in 1968–2005 ( n = 1 008 363 mean age = 18.3 years).
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